Table 4 Dietary and nutrient intakes of study participants across quartiles (Q) of dietary diversity score (DDS)

Food groups (g/d)

Fruits

225.89 ± 123.06

295.13 ± 137.25

351.47 ± 135.45

487.59 ± 188.54

< 0.001

Vegetables

224.60 ± 119.06

254.92 ± 131.81

280.45 ± 110.33

385.44 ± 134.56

< 0.001

White meat

30.64 ± 26.36

42.66 ± 36.73

40.46 ± 27.17

56.78 ± 38.49

0.003

Red meat

19.91 ± 16.38

36.33 ± 40.65

41.60 ± 41.41

51.47 ± 67.46

0.01

Fish

3.69 ± 7.37

3.37 ± 5.66

9.97 ± 14.41

14.73 ± 21.84

< 0.001

Dairy products

224.99 ± 191.73

274.65 ± 198.56

368.49 ± 172.08

426.60 ± 214.95

< 0.001

Legumes

19.24 ± 10.98

20.34 ± 13.28

25.72 ± 13.26

30.99 ± 15.84

< 0.001

Nuts

9.00 ± 9.85

17.17 ± 16.67

22.61 ± 30.28

22.36 ± 33.69

0.03

Whole grains

64.84 ± 59.87

83.91 ± 56.26

73.66 ± 46.17

94.72 ± 72.22

0.10

Refined grains

349.76 ± 152.37

377.36 ± 119.96

383.09 ± 107.01

389.49 ± 141.46

0.51

Salt

8.10 ± 2.78

7.69 ± 3.18

8.32 ± 3.08

8.06 ± 2.48

0.78

SSB

66.17 ± 50.00

75.63 ± 54.73

91.67 ± 77.51

87.37 ± 71.56

0.24

Nutrients

Energy (kcal/d)

2246 ± 35

2632.00 ± 436.10

2801.54 ± 54

3108.50 ± 685.13

< 0.001

Protein (g/d)

69.13 ± 18.74

89.20 ± 19.49

96.86 ± 18.94

114.90 ± 32.54

< 0.001

Fat (g/d)

23.81 ± 8.81

28.23 ± 8.37

32.13 ± 9.32

34.75 ± 11.58

< 0.001

Carbohydrate (g/d)

300.31 ± 79.18

353.47 ± 63.83

374.91 ± 67.73

419.26 ± 96.62

< 0.001

SFA (g/d)

23.81 ± 8.81

28.23 ± 8.37

32.13 ± 9.32

34.75 ± 11.58

< 0.001

PUFA (g/d)

23.17 ± 7.23

24.53 ± 8.19

24.45 ± 7.79

24.87 ± 8.69

0.76

MUFA (g/d)

30.69 ± 9.21

34.83 ± 10.33

36.33 ± 10.66

37.86 ± 10.71

0.009

Ca (g/d)

900.03 ± 339.95

1060.62 ± 256.47

1230.16 ± 287.14

1417.77 ± 332.94

< 0.001

Na (mg/d)

5724.88 ± 1653.15

6110.78 ± 1662.09

6239.57 ± 1566.09

6670.12 ± 1713.27

0.06

Dietary fiber (g/d)

49.88 ± 28.88

57.98 ± 22.65

58.55 ± 19.27

64.95 ± 28.94

0.05