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Table 7 Logistic regression relationship among IPV and Breastfeeding Initiation

From: Exclusive breastfeeding and its association with intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis from Pakistan demographic and health survey

Variables

Breastfeeding Initiation, aOR, 95% confidence interval (CI)

M1

M2

M3

M4

M5

Psychological IPV

0.92 (0.61,1.39)

    

Physical IPV

 

0.78** (0.61,1.00)

   

Sexual IPV

  

0.81 (0.42,1.33)

  

Any IPV type

   

0.73 (0.48,1.09)

 

IPV frequency score

    

0.88** (0.98,1.00)

Female’s Age

0.92 (0.92, 0.98)

0.98 (0.93, 0.98)

0.93 (0.94, 1.01)

0.96 (0.93, 1.00)

0.98 (0.93, 1.01)

Female’s Education

0.96** (0.94, 0.99)

0.98** (0.96, 0.99)

0.95** (0.95, 0.98)

0.98** (0.95, 0.99)

0.98** (0.93, 1.00)

Children age

0.62***(0.59, 0.67)

0.65*** (0.58, 0.68)

0.63***(0.58, 0.68)

0.68***(0.57, 0.69)

0.63*** (0.59, 0.69)

Employment (Ref = No)

1.08 (0.89, 1.29)

0.99 (0.99, 1.00)

1.07 (0.85 1.39)

1.36 (0.72, 1.33)

1.07 (0.88, 1.34)

Nos of children (Ref = Primiparous)

0.85 (0.62, 1.08)

1.18 (0.90, 1.08)

0.82 (0.60, 1.09)

1.19 (1.00, 1.09)

0.84 (0.59, 1.16)

Spouse Education

1.04 (0.98, 1.02)

0.99 (0.98, 1.00)

1.04 (0.98, 1.03)

1.04 (1.00, 1.09)

1.04 (0.98, 1.01)

Rural (Ref = urban)

1.21 (0.60, 1.60)

1.22 (0.74, 1.61)

1.22 (0.74, 1.61)

1.21 (0.79, 2.33)

0.84 (0.59, 1.21)

Family wealth Index

1.05 (0.84, 1.28)

1.04 (0.84, 1.25)

1.02 (0.85, 1.28)

1.00 (0.99, 1.00)

1.03 (0.89, 1.29)

Nos. of under-five children

1.04 (0.93, 1.19)

1.04 (0.93, 1.19)

1.04 (0.93, 1.19)

1.04 (0.93, 1.19)

1.04 (0.93, 1.19)

Constants

13.28*** (7.18, 28.44)

13.31*** (7.31, 28.39)

13.51*** (7.19, 28.55)

13.43*** (7.41, 29.50)

13.21*** (7.21, 28.84)

Observations

1191

1191

1191

1191

1191

  1. Sampling referred weights
  2. *** P value < 0.01
  3. ** P value < 0.05
  4. aOR; Adjusted odd ratios, Under-five children’s; the number of children less than five years of age