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Table 2 Baseline characteristics of participants with UL

From: U-shaped association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and urinary leakage among adult females aged 45 years and over in the United States: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Urinary leakage

P value

No (n = 4565)

Yes (n = 4960)

Age (mean (SD))$

61.62 (10.75)

63.17 (11.02)

< 0.001

Race_2 = White (%)*

1746 (38.2)

2629 (53.0)

< 0.001

Education (%)*

  

0.265

College or above

1990 (45.0)

2232 (46.6)

 

High school or equivalent

1859 (42.0)

1975 (41.2)

 

Less than high school

575 (13.0)

587 (12.2)

 

Income (mean (SD))$

2.56 (1.64)

2.60 (1.59)

0.317

Drink = Yes (%)*

1373 (55.1)

1621 (61.9)

< 0.001

Smoke = Yes (%)*

1689 (37.0)

2003 (40.4)

0.001

BMI (mean (SD))$

29.18 (7.01)

31.01 (7.59)

< 0.001

Diabetes = Yes (%)*

773 (16.9)

1025 (20.7)

< 0.001

Hypertension = Yes (%)*

2286 (50.2)

2836 (57.2)

< 0.001

Hyperlipidemia = Yes (%)*

2007 (47.3)

2518 (53.6)

< 0.001

Stroke = Yes (%)*

218 ( 4.8)

361 ( 7.3)

< 0.001

Asthma = Yes (%)*

619 (13.6)

895 (18.1)

< 0.001

Hysterectomy = Yes (%)*

1496 (33.4)

1904 (39.1)

< 0.001

Ever_pregnant_level (%)*

  

0.012

1 ~ 2

1388 (33.9)

1425 (31.3)

 

3 ~ 5

2102 (51.4)

2479 (54.5)

 

> 5

601 (14.7)

645 (14.2)

 

Vaginal_deliveries_level (%)*

  

< 0.001

0

621 (15.1)

576 (12.6)

 

1 ~ 2

1612 (39.2)

1797 (39.2)

 

3 ~ 5

1552 (37.7)

1886 (41.2)

 

> 5

332 ( 8.1)

324 ( 7.1)

 

VitD (mean (SD))$

69.61 (30.19)

72.56 (32.57)

< 0.001

  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) ; * represent χ2 test for categorical variables; $ Linear regression models for continuous variables; UL represent urinary leakage
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