Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants with UL according to serum 25(OH)D concentrations

From: U-shaped association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and urinary leakage among adult females aged 45 years and over in the United States: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Serum 25(OH)D concentrations (nmol/L)

P value

P for trend

< 25.00 (n = 353)

25.00–49.99 (n = 2204)

50.00–74.99 (n = 3084)

≥ 75.00 (n = 3884)

Age (mean (SD))$

60.44 (10.13)

60.40 (10.66)

61.05 (10.71)

64.85 (10.83)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Race_2 = White (%)*

62 (17.6)

634 (28.8)

1309 (42.4)

2370 (61.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Education (%)*

    

< 0.001

< 0.001

College or above$

125 (37.2)

839 (39.4)

1291 (43.2)

1967 (52.3)

  

High school or equivalent

175 (52.1)

947 (44.4)

1266 (42.4)

1446 (38.4)

  

Less than high school

36 (10.7)

346 (16.2)

430 (14.4)

350 ( 9.3)

  

Income (mean (SD))$

2.01 (1.39)

2.26 (1.54)

2.49 (1.59)

2.88 (1.63)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Drink = Yes (%)*

112 (57.4)

684 (55.8)

939 (56.8)

1259 (61.8)

0.002

0.005

Smoke = Yes (%)*

162 (45.9)

909 (41.3)

1143 (37.1)

1478 (38.1)

< 0.001

0.016

BMI (mean (SD))$

33.60 (9.12)

32.12 (7.79)

30.17 (7.02)

28.65 (6.84)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Diabetes = Yes (%)*

94 (26.7)

496 (22.5)

551 (17.9)

657 (16.9)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hypertension = Yes (%)*

211 (59.9)

1214 (55.3)

1535 (49.8)

2162 (55.7)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Hyperlipidemia = Yes (%)*

150 (46.9)

910 (45.3)

1437 (50.4)

2028 (53.8)

< 0.001

0.001

Stroke = Yes (%)*

33 ( 9.3)

134 ( 6.1)

165 ( 5.4)

247 ( 6.4)

0.019

0.019

Asthma = Yes (%)*

68 (19.3)

348 (15.8)

483 (15.7)

615 (15.8)

0.36

0.478

Hysterectomy = Yes (%)*

127 (36.2)

748 (34.8)

1040 (34.5)

1485 (38.7)

0.001

0.115

Ever_pregnant_level (%)*

    

< 0.001

< 0.001

1 ~ 2

111 (33.9)

596 (29.7)

846 (30.2)

1260 (36.0)

  

3 ~ 5

157 (48.0)

1068 (53.1)

1531 (54.6)

1825 (52.1)

  

> 5

59 (18.0)

346 (17.2)

426 (15.2)

415 (11.9)

  

Vaginal_deliveries_level (%)*

    

< 0.001

0.004

0

52 (15.8)

309 (15.2)

374 (13.2)

462 (13.1)

  

1 ~ 2

121 (36.8)

711 (35.0)

1085 (38.4)

1492 (42.4)

  

3 ~ 5

131 (39.8)

825 (40.7)

1136 (40.2)

1346 (38.3)

  

> 5

25 ( 7.6)

184 ( 9.1)

231 ( 8.2)

216 ( 6.1)

  

UL_bin = Yes (%)*

191 (54.1)

1095 (49.7)

1530 (49.6)

2144 (55.2)

< 0.001

0.082

UL_level (%)*

    

< 0.001

0.144

Never

162 (45.9)

1109 (50.3)

1554 (50.4)

1740 (44.8)

  

less than once a month

40 (11.3)

293 (13.3)

410 (13.3)

572 (14.7)

  

A few times a month

50 (14.2)

321 (14.6)

456 (14.8)

664 (17.1)

  

A few times a week

40 (11.3)

195 ( 8.8)

285 ( 9.2)

397 (10.2)

  

Every day and/or night

61 (17.3)

286 (13.0)

379 (12.3)

511 (13.2)

  
  1. Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) ; * represent χ2 test for categorical variables; $ Linear regression models for continuous variables; UL represent urinary leakage
Back to article page

BMC Women's Health

ISSN: 1472-6874

Contact us