Variables | 2005 | 2010 | 2014 |
---|---|---|---|
Any method vs. no method aOR (95% CI) | Any method vs. no method aOR (95% CI) | Any method vs. no method aOR (95% CI) | |
Individual-level factors | |||
Educational level | |||
No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Primary | 1.12 (0.85–1.47) | 1.14 (1.01–1.29) | 1.17 (1.02–1.34) |
Secondary+ | 1.34 (0.91–1.96) | 1.43 (1.22–1.68) | 1.23 (1.05–1.44) |
Decision-making | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.08 (0.65–1.80) | 0.94 (0.72–1.23) | 1.17 (0.89–1.54) |
High | 1.09 (0.66–1.77) | 0.99 (0.77–1.25) | 1.21 (0.94–1.54) |
Workforce participation | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Medium | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 1.14 (1.01–1.28) | 1.27 (1.13–1.43) |
High | 1.28 (0.97–1.69) | 1.12 (1.00–1.26) | 1.44 (1.29–1.60) |
Age (years) | |||
15–24 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
25–34 | 1.21 (0.88–1.68) | 1.36 (1.18–1.57) | 1.25 (1.08–1.43) |
≥ 35 | 0.79 (0.54–1.14) | 0.71 (0.61–0.84) | 0.57 (0.49–0.67) |
Religion | |||
Buddhist | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Muslim | 0.88 (0.41–1.91) | 0.93 (0.64–1.37) | 0.89 (0.63–1.26) |
Other | 0.74 (0.39–1.41) | 0.78 (0.57–1.08) | 1.15 (0.87–1.53) |
Residence | |||
Urban | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Rural | 0.89 (0.67–1.18) | 0.97 (0.80–1.16) | 1.25 (1.05–1.49) |
Region | |||
Plains | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Tonle Sap | 1.49 (1.13–1.96) | 1.04 (0.89–1.23) | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) |
Plateau / Mountain | 1.69 (1.23–2.32) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) |
Phnom Penh | 1.29 (0.76–2.18) | 0.92 (0.68–1.25) | 0.80 (0.60–1.05) |
Age at first marriage | |||
≤ 16 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
17–20 | 0.93 (0.72–1.20) | 0.91 (0.81–1.02) | 0.87 (0.77–0.97) |
≥ 21 | 0.70 (0.52–0.94) | 0.75 (0.66–0.86) | 0.66 (0.59–0.75) |
Total children ever born | |||
0 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
1–2 | 6.40 (2.84–14.43) | 13.19 (8.70–19.99) | 13.58 (9.57–19.27) |
≥ 3 | 6.89 (3.00–15.81) | 14.98 (9.79–22.92) | 16.94 (11.80–24.32) |
Wealth | |||
Poor | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.23 (0.93–1.62) | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 0.96 (0.84–1.09) |
Rich | 1.36 (0.99–1.87) | 0.87 (0.75–1.01) | 0.89 (0.77–1.03) |
Media exposure | |||
No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | 1.14 (0.90–1.46) | 1.06 (0.96–1.17) | 0.98 (0.88–1.08) |
Perceived distance to HF | |||
Big problem | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
No problem | 0.98 (0.79–1.21) | 1.03 (0.93–1.13) | 1.03 (0.92–1.11) |
Health insurance | |||
No | – | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Yes | – | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 1.25 (1.10–1.41) |
Partner education | |||
No formal education | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Primary | 1.22 (0.90–1.66) | 1.16 (1.00–1.34) | 0.99 (0.85–1.37) |
Secondary and higher | 1.19 (0.84–1.71) | 1.15 (0.98–1.36) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) |
Community-level factors | |||
Community wealth | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | 1.02 (0.88–1.18) |
High | 0.92 (0.62–1.38) | 0.87 (0.68–1.10) | 1.10 (0.87–1.39) |
Community education | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.15 (0.87–1.52) | 0.92 (0.78–1.08) | 0.84 (0.72–0.97) |
High | 0.97 (0.72–1.34) | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 0.78 (0.66–0.91) |
Community decision-making | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.03 (0.78–1.36) | 1.05 (0.90–1.23) | 1.01 (0.88–1.17) |
High | 1.09 (0.82–1.45) | 1.04 (0.88–1.23) | 0.96 (0.83–1.11) |
Community workforce participation | |||
Low | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Middle | 1.38 (1.06–1.81) | 1.08 (0.92–1.27) | 0.95 (0.82–1.09) |
High | 1.32 (0.99–1.76)╕ | 1.12 (0.94–1.23) | 0.96 (0.74–1.04) |
Measures of variation | |||
Area variance (95% CI) | 0.23 (0.10–0.57) | 0.28 (0.23–0.36) | 0.18 (0.13–0.24) |
ICC (%) | 6.53 | 8.00 | 5.22 |
PCV (%) | 23.33 | 3.45 | 14.29 |
MOR | 1.58 | 1.66 | 1.50 |
Model fit statistic | |||
AIC | 2770.24 | 13,127.01 | 13,487.78 |