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Table 1 Characteristics of study included in Meta-analysis and Systematic review of IPV and Antenatal care adequacy

From: The associations between intimate partner violence and maternal health care service utilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

Sample size

Study location

Study setting

Types of violence

IPV exposure time

IPV assessment scale

NOS quality

Score

Confounders

[24]

210

Ethiopia

Community / Primary survey

Physical, Sexual, emotional, partner control

Ever in current relation

WHO tool

6

women’s age, couple’s age gap, women’s educational status, partner’s educational status, women’s decision-making autonomy, women’s employment status, women’s weekly mass media exposure, couple’s relationship duration and household monthly income

[27]

294

Timor-Leste

Community /Timor-Leste DHS

IPV general

Ever in current relation

DHS tool

4

Age of the women, women’s education, and wealth.

[25]

6871

Nigeria

Community / state-wide survey

Physical IPV

Prior year

Self (With WHO component)

6

Women’s education, house hold head education, Age of the women, residency, help from family member, ownership of motorized transport, marital status/ cohabiting, wealth, proximity to government health facility, information from health worker regarding pregnancy, gravidity

[28]

2001

Bangladesh

Community/Bangladesh DHS

Physical, sexual, combined IPV

Lifetime

Conflict tactic scale

5

Women’s age, women’s education, husband’s education, women’s decision-making and freedom of movement autonomy, women’s occupation, residence, religion, frequency of mass media exposure, parity, pregnancy intentions, and wealth index category

[26]

418

Ghana

Community /Nationally representative data

Emotional and physical violence during pregnancy

Pregnancy

Self with WHO components

5

Women’s age, marital status, women’s education, religion, wealth quantile, residency, general health of the women, region of the respondent, number of the children

[14]

6566

Egypt

Community/Egypt DHS

Physical

Life time

Self

3

Women’s education, residency, parity