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Table 1 Prevalence and odds ratio of HMB according to demographics, lifestyle factors, reproductive history, and present clinically diagnosed diseases

From: Heavy menstrual bleeding among women aged 18–50 years living in Beijing, China: prevalence, risk factors, and impact on daily life

Characteristics

Participant

Participant experiencing HMB

N (%) a

n

Prevalence (%)

P value

Crude OR (95%CI) d

Overall

2356 (100.0)

429

18.2

–

–

Age (years)

  ≤ 24

559 (23.7)

113

20.2

0.155 b

1.24 (0.83–1.84)

 25–29

511 (21.7)

93

18.2

 

1.09 (0.72–1.63)

 30–34

461 (19.6)

79

17.1

 

1.01 (0.66–1.53)

 35–39

331 (14.1)

66

19.9

 

1.21 (0.79–1.87)

 40–44

259 (11.0)

38

14.7

 

0.84 (0.52–1.36)

  ≥ 45

235 (10.0)

40

17.0

 

Reference

Occupation e

 Farmer

176 (7.5)

25

14.2

0.720 c

Reference

 Technical personnel

437 (18.5)

71

16.2

 

1.17 (0.72–1.92)

 Business service personnel

834 (35.4)

158

18.9

 

1.41 (0.89–2.23)

 Student

312 (13.2)

59

18.9

 

1.41 (0.85–2.34)

 Worker

278 (11.8)

53

19.1

 

1.42 (0.85–2.39)

 Clerk

319 (13.5)

63

19.7

 

1.49 (0.90–2.46)

BMI (kg/m2)

 18.5–23.9

1486 (63.1)

269

18.1

0.735 b

Reference

  < 18.5

303 (12.9)

64

21.1

 

1.21 (0.89–1.65)

 24.0–27.9

419 (17.8)

69

16.5

 

0.89 (0.67–1.19)

  ≥ 28.0

99 (4.2)

18

18.2

 

1.01 (0.59–1.70)

 Smoking

 Never

2235 (94.9)

406

18.2

0.869 c

Reference

 Occasionally

80 (3.4)

13

16.3

 

0.87 (0.48–1.60)

 Regularly

26 (1.1)

6

23.1

 

1.35 (0.54–3.39)

 Former smoker

9 (0.4)

2

22.2

 

1.29 (0.27–6.22)

Alcohol consumption

 Never

1287 (54.6)

199

15.5

< 0.001 c

Reference

 Occasionally

1021 (43.3)

219

21.5

 

1.49 (1.21–1.85)

 Regularly

29 (1.2)

10

34.5

 

2.88 (1.32–6.28)

 Former user

14 (0.6)

1

7.1

 

0.42 (0.06–3.23)

Number of pregnancies

 0

955 (40.5)

175

18.3

0.392 b

Reference

 1

508 (21.6)

81

15.9

 

0.85 (0.63–1.13)

 2

423 (18.0)

72

17.0

 

0.91 (0.68–1.24)

 3

208 (8.8)

41

19.7

 

1.09 (0.75–1.60)

  ≥ 4

73 (3.1)

19

26.0

 

1.57 (0.91–2.71)

Number of abortions

 0

1543 (65.5)

265

17.2

0.004 b

Reference

 1

400 (17.0)

71

17.8

 

1.04 (0.78–1.39)

 2

178 (7.6)

38

21.4

 

1.31 (0.89–1.92)

  ≥ 3

53 (2.3)

19

35.9

 

2.70 (1.51–4.80)

Number of childbirths

 0

1034 (43.9)

198

19.2

0.076 b

Reference

 1

961 (40.8)

169

17.6

 

0.90 (0.72–1.13)

  ≥ 2

197 (8.4)

27

13.7

 

0.67 (0.43–1.04)

Uterine fibroids

 Yes

186 (7.9)

51

27.4

0.001 c

1.79 (1.27–2.52)

 No

2170 (92.1)

378

17.4

 

Reference

Coagulation disorders

 Yes

2 (0.1)

1

50.0

0.331 c

4.50 (0.28–72.09)

 No

2354 (99.9)

428

18.2

 

Reference

Thyroid disorders

 Yes

32 (1.4)

7

21.9

0.588 c

1.26 (0.54–2.94)

 No

2324 (98.6)

422

18.2

 

Reference

Iron-deficiency anemia

 Yes

151 (6.4)

38

25.2

0.022 c

1.56 (1.06–2.29)

 No

2205 (93.6)

391

17.7

 

Reference

  1. BMI body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), CI confidence interval, HMB heavy menstrual bleeding, OR odds ratio
  2. aNumbers or percentages might not add to total or 100 because of missing data
  3. bChi-square for trend test
  4. cPearson chi-square test
  5. dOR calculated in univariate logistic regression analyses
  6. eOccupations were classified into six groups according to the 2010 Beijing population census data: 1) producers in agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, and water conservancy (= “farmer”); 2) business service personnel; 3) production, transport equipment operators, and related workers (= “worker”); 4) technical personnel; 5) clerk and related workers (= “clerk”); and 6) students
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BMC Women's Health

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