| Lower status in women’s employment b | Higher employment status women’s employment c |
---|
 | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
---|
Individual-level variables
|
 Caregiving | 1.40 | (0.87–2.26) | 1.33** | (1.81–2.53) |
 Married | 0.64** | (0.48–0.84) | 0.39** | (0.25–0.63) |
 Employed | 0.89 | (0.66–1.21) | 0.40** | (0.24–0.67) |
 Married x Employed | 1.17 | (0.84–1.64) | 1.62* | (1.02–2.57) |
 Education | 0.68*** | (0.60–0.77) | 0.84* | (0.75–0.95) |
 Age | 1.03 | (0.95–1.11) | 0.97 | (0.94–1.01) |
 N |  | 8078 |  | 7022 |
- aStatus regarding women’s employment is measured by proportion of women employed in managerial or professional occupation, percent of female vulnerable employment, and rate of female labor force participation
- bA higher status regarding women’s employment represents a higher proportion of women employed in managerial or professional occupation, a lower percent of female vulnerable employment, and a higher rate of labor force participation. These countries include USA, Israel, and those in Northern and Western Europe
- cCountries with lower status regarding women’s employment are Southern Europe, Eastern Asia, and Mexico
- * p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001
- Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio