Table 4 Changes in the body composition parameters during intervention and maintenance phases
Body composition parameters | Intervention phase (0–6 months) | Group Effect (p-value) | Maintenance phase (6–12 months) | Group Effect (p-value) | Overall (0–12 months) | Group Effect (p-value) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline mean (SD) | 6 months mean (SD) | Mean Differences (95%CI) | 6 months mean (SD) | 12 months mean (SD) | Mean Differences (95%CI) | β coefficient | 95%CI | p-value | ||||
Fat mass (kg) | ||||||||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 34.8 (7.9) | 33.6 (8.1) | −1.19 (− 1.70, −0.68) | 0.592 | 33.6 (8.1) | 33.9 (9.2) | 0.38 (−0.52, 1.27) | 0.346 | −0.82 | −1.56, − 0.08 | 0.002 | 0.053 |
 Control Group (n = 116) | 32.8 (7.9) | 31.8 (8.1) | −0.98 (−1.56, − 0.41) | 31.8 (8.1) | 32.8 (9.2) | 1.0 (0.08, 1.89) | −0.02 | −0.82, 0.78 | 0.953 | |||
Body fat (%) | ||||||||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 45.2 (5.0) | 43.8 (5.4) | −1.40 (−2.12, −0.67) | 0.274 | 43.8 (5.4) | 44.5 (7.4) | 0.74 (−0.31, 1.79) | 0.547 | −0.66 | −1.56, 0.24 | 0.152 | 0.532 |
 Control Group (n = 116) | 44.7 (4.7) | 43.9 (5.8) | −0.85 (−1.50, − 0.20) | 43.9 (5.8) | 45.1 (7.3) | 1.21 (0.07, 2.36) | 0.35 | −0.62, 1.32 | 0.482 | |||
Visceral fat area (cm2) | ||||||||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 128.1 (23.5) | 122.5 (23.3) | −5.56 (−7.38, −3.74) | 0.113 | 122.5 (23.3) | 124.8 (26.9) | 2.30 (−0.38, 5.0) | 0.614 | −3.27 | −5.48, −1.05 | 0.004 | 0.016 |
 Control Group (n = 116) | 120.5 (23.9) | 117.2 (24.2) | −3.37 (−5.53, −1.20) | 117.2 (24.2) | 118.5 (27.7) | 1.35 (−1.20, 3.89) | −2.04 | −4.49, 0.39 | 0.011 | |||
Skeletal muscle mass (kg) | ||||||||||||
 Intervention Group (n = 137) | 22.2 (2.8) | 22.2 (2.3) | −0.05 (−0.30, 0.21) | 0.324 | 22.2 (23.0) | 22.4 (3.0) | 0.17 (−0.16, 0.50) | 0.189 | 0.13 | −0.18, 0.44 | 0.418 | 0.033 |
 Control Group (n = 116) | 21.5 (3.0) | 21.3 (3.0) | −0.21 (− 0.43, 0.001) | 21.3 (3.0) | 21.1 (3.0) | −0.15 (− 0.51, 0.21) | − 0.37 | −0.68, − 0.06 | 0.020 | |||