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Table 3 Minor theme frequency for three factors, organised as facilitators and barriers to clinical trial participation

From: Barriers and facilitators for clinical trial participation among diverse Asian patients with breast cancer: a qualitative study

Minor themes for three major factors (patient-, trial- and sociocultural-related)

Number of respondents

Patient-related factors

 

Facilitators:

 

• Opinion of family and friends

12

• If test therapy is last resort (late stage/failure of current therapy)

6

• If overall benefits outweigh risks

2

• If general health is better

2

• Altruism

6

Barriers:

 

• Previous bad experiences with doctors, trials, and drugs

3

• Conservative attitude towards risk-taking

2

• Unique health situation

2

• Cancer is a serious illness

1

Trial/protocol-related factors

 

Facilitators:

 

• Hope that test therapy is better treatment option

9

• Closer monitoring

3

• Lower cost of treatment

3

• Trust that care is adequate during trial procedure

2

Barriers:

 

• Risk of test therapy/Uncertainties inherent in investigational drugs

13

• Perceived risk associated with randomisation

5

• Additional visits required

5

• Systemic therapy

2

• Added stress from trials

2

• Additional tests required

1

Broader Socio-cultural/System-related factors

 

Facilitators:

 

• Trust in physicians

7

• Trust in drug development/regulation and healthcare system

8

Barriers:

 

• Fatalism

1