Level health service | Availability long-acting FP methods |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | – |
Access to FP services |  |  |  |  | – |  |  | n |  |  |  |  | – | – | |
Access to FP information |  | – |  |  | n |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | – |  | |
Level household or community | Rural residence |  | + | n |  | + |  | n |  | + |  |  | + | – |  |
Low socioeconomic status | Â | + | Â | n | Â | Â | + | n | Â | Â | Â | + | n | Â | |
Preference for male offspring |  |  |  | – | n |  |  |  |  |  | – |  |  |  | |
Level couple | Couple discussing FP |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | n |  |  | – | + |  |
Level partner | Partner’s level of education |  |  | – | n | n |  | n |  | n |  | n | – |  |  |
Partner’s desire for more children |  |  |  |  |  |  | – |  |  |  |  | n |  |  | |
Level woman | Decision-making authority |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | – |  |
Being religious (M = Muslim, C = Catholic) |  |  |  | +M | n | n |  | – |  |  | n | +C |  |  | |
Woman’s level of own income |  | – | – |  | n |  | – |  | n |  | n |  |  |  | |
Woman’s level of education | n | – | – | n | – |  | – | – | n | n | n | – | + |  | |
Woman’s awareness or knowledge of FP |  |  |  |  | – |  |  | n | n |  |  |  |  |  | |
Previous abortions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | + | Â | Â | Â | |
Number of previous children or pregnancies | n | + | n | + | n | + | – | n |  | + | + | + | + |  | |
Age of woman at marriage |  |  | n | + | + |  | – |  |  |  | n |  |  |  | |
Age of woman |  | – | n | – | n | n | ±ª | n |  | ±b | n | – | – |  | |
 | Total unmet need (%) | 59 | 24r | 45r | 25 | 37r | 21 | 29 | 42r | 52r | 22 | 7r | 41 | 27 | 31r |
 | Country or Region | Nigeria | Pakistan | Sudan | Nepal | Ethiopia | Nigeria | Zambia | Ghana | Ethiopia | Nepal | Egypt | Uganda | Eritrea | SSA |
 | Publication* | Adeyemi et al. 2005 [10] | Ahmed et al., 2011 [48] | Ali and Okud, 2013 [36] | Bhandari et al., 2006 [45] | Hailemariam et Haddis, 2011 [8] | Igwegbe et al., 2009 [11] | Imasiku et al., 2014 [33] | Machiyama et Cleland, 2013 [46] | Mekonnen et Worku, 2011 [12] | Paudel et al. 2011 [34] | Sultan et al., 2010 [42] | Wablembo et al., 2011 [47] | Woldemicael et Beaujot, 2011 [43] | Jain et al. 2014 [64] |