Table 3 Factors associated with attending immediate postnatal care among Nepalese women, Demographic and Health Survey 2011

Community factors

Place of residence

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.006

P = 0.227

Rural

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Urban

3.511 (2.714-4.511)

3.539 (2.725-4.739)

1.464 (1.116-1.921)

0.777 (0.515-1.171)

Ecological region

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.026

P = 0.086

Mountain

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Hill

1.682 (1.114-2.539)

1.461 (0.960-2.223)

1.047 (0.723-1.517)

0.939 (0.668-1.321)

Terai

2.684 (1.828-3.941)

2.474 (1.680-3.647)

1.473 (1.001-2.171)

1.313 (0.921-1.873)

Sociodemographic factors

Wealth status

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.001

Poor (Lower 40%)

1.00

1.00

1.00

Middle (Middle 40%)

2.543 (2.009-3.219)

1.663 (1.272-2.174)

1.670 (1.111-2.512)

Rich (Upper 20%)

6.609 (5.143-8.843)

3.068 (2.106-4.470)

3.693 (2.319-5.880)

Ethnicity

P < 0.001

P = 0.0519

Not in model

Advantaged

1.00

1.00

Disadvantaged (Janjati)

0.566 (0.443-0.723)

0.888 (0.677-1.166)

Disadvantaged (Dalit)

0.526 (0.420-0.657)

1.076 (0.832-1.392)

Religion

P = 0.014

P = 0.350

Not in model

Hindu

1.477 (1.081-2.017)

1.167 (0.844-1.613)

Others

1.00

1.00

Maternal education

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.502

No education

1.00

1.00

1.00

Primary

1.852 (1.477-2.323)

1.483 (1.193-1.843)

1.141 (0.825-1.576)

Secondary

4.333 (3.436-5.464)

2.287 (1.789-2.923)

1.189 (0.849-1.665)

Higher

12.824 (8.404-19.567)

3.657(2.273-5.882)

1.563 (0.819-2.982)

Maternal occupation

P < 0.001

P < 0.002

P = 0.396

Not working

1.00

1.00

1.000

Agriculture

0.318 (0.252-0.402)

0.644 (0.506-0.819)

0.936 (0.661-1.326)

Working (paid)

1.049 (0.784-1.403)

0.776 (0.586-1.027)

0.730 (0.458-1.164)

Paternal education

P < 0.001

P = 0.036

P = 0.781

No education

1.00

1.00

1.00

Primary

1.509 (1.101-2.069)

1.272 (0.953-1.699)

1.044 (0.717-1.520)

Secondary

3.229 (2.390-4.363)

1.521 (1.134-2.038)

1.150 (0.812-1.628)

Higher

8.854 (5.886-13.321)

1.817 (1.123-2.939)

1.293 (0.963-2.403)

Paternal occupation

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

P = 0.890

Agriculture

1.00

1.00

1.00

Professional/technical

3.856 (3.039-4.892)

1.677 (1.302-2.160)

1.070 (0.812-1.411)

Manual and others

1.699 (1.343-2.150)

1.396 (1.101-1.769)

1.062 (0.553-2.040)

Proximate factors

Mother’s age (in years)

P < 0.001

P = 0.350

15-19

1.00

1.00

20-29

0.816 (0.619-1.077)

1.426 (0.941-2.161)

30-34

0.646 (0.472-0.884)

1.568 (0.925-2.658)

> = 35

0.335 (0.239-0.471)

1.399 (0.883-2.217)

Number of ANC visits

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

No ANC visit

1.00

1.00

1-3

3.019 (1.934-4.712)

1.670 (1.111-2.512)

4 or more

13.325 (8.274-21.457)

3.693 (2.319-5.880)

Place of delivery

P < 0.001

P < 0.001

Home

1.00

1.00

Health facility

52.920 (38.559-72.630)

34.894 (24.956-48.789)

Maternal final say on her own health care

P < 0.001

P = 0.665

Women alone

1.00

1.00

Women with partner/other

1.114 (0.898-1.381)

1.082 (0.783-1.495)

Partner alone/someone else

0.729 (0.575-0.923)

0.940 (0.961-1.278)