Factor | Total | Attended postnatal care | Attended immediate postnatal care |
---|---|---|---|
 | N (%) | n (%)# | n (%)# |
Proximate factors | Â | Â | Â |
Mother’s age (in years) |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
15-19 | 306 (7.5) | 161 (51.6) | 153 (48.9) |
20-29 | 2608 (63.9) | 1227 (46.0) | 1164 (43.8) |
30-34 | 661 (16.2) | 270 (39.9) | 259 (38.2) |
> = 35 | 504 (12.4) | 130 (7.7) | 118 (24.3) |
Number of ANC visits |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
No ANC visit | 611 (15.0) | 65 (11.5) | 59 (10.4) |
1-3 | 1317 (32.3) | 383 (27.9) | 355 (25.9) |
4 or more | 2151 (52.7) | 1340 (63.3) | 1280(60.6) |
Timing of ANC |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Late ANC (4–9 months) | 2018 (49.5) | 607 (30.0) | 509 (35.7) |
Early ANC (<=3Â months) | 2061 (50.5) | 1181(56.5) | 1126 (53.9) |
Place of delivery |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Home | 2464 (60.4) | 339 (14.3) | 281 (11.7) |
Health facility | 1615 (39.6) | 1449 (89.2) | 1413 (87.6) |
Attendance during delivery |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Unskilled attendance | 2236 (54.8) | 208 (9.8) | 155 (7.2) |
Skilled attendance | 1843 (45.2) | 1580 (83.9) | 1539 (82.2) |
Maternal final say on her own health care |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Women with partner/other | 1522 (37.7) | 737 (47.7) | 707 (45.7) |
Women alone | 917 (22.7) | 419 (44.7) | 402 (43.0) |
Partner alone/someone else | 1594 (39.5) | 616 (38.2) | 571 (35.5) |
Birth order |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
First | 1248 (30.6) | 770 (61.8) | 733 (59.7) |
Second or third | 1847 (45.3) | 802 (41.2) | 758 (38.4) |
Fourth or more | 948 (24.1) | 216 (21.6) | 203 (20.3) |
Sex of child |  | P = 0.209 | P = 0.305 |
Male | 2192 (53.7) | 946 (42.0) | 902 (39.9) |
Female | 1887 (46.3) | 842 (44.5) | 792 (42.0) |
Sociodemographic factors | Â | Â | Â |
Wealth status |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Poor (Lower 40%) | 1992 (48.8) | 493 (23.8) | 458 (22.2) |
Middle (Middle 40%) | 1416 (34.7) | 756 (50.6) | 723 (48.0) |
Rich (Upper 20%) | 671 (16.5) | 539 (80.7) | 213 (77.4) |
Ethnicity |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Advantaged | 1955 (47.9) | 971 (51.4) | 921 (48.9) |
Disadvantaged (Janjati) | 1410 (34.6) | 549 (37.4) | 515 (35.2) |
Disadvantaged (Dalit) | 714 (17.5) | 268 (35.0) | 258 (33.5) |
Religion |  | P = 0.008* | P = 0.014* |
Hindu | 3480 (85.3) | 1575 (44.9) | 1491 (42.5) |
Others | 599 (14.7) | 213 (34.8) | 203 (33.3) |
Maternal education |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
No education | 1765 (43.3) | 449 (26.6) | 418 (24.7) |
Primary | 817 (20.0) | 341 (39.8) | 322 (37.8) |
Secondary | 1225 (30.0) | 760 (61.0) | 728 (58.7) |
Higher | 272 (6.7) | 238 (85.5) | 226 (80.8) |
Maternal occupation |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Not working | 965 (23.7) | 603 (59.5) | 571 (56.6) |
Agriculture | 2502 (61.3) | 797 (31.0) | 757 (29.4) |
Working (paid) | 612 (15.0) | 388 (61.3) | 366 (57.8) |
Paternal education |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
No education | 761 (18.7) | 176 (24.2) | 161 (22.3) |
Primary | 989 (24.2) | 313 (32.3) | 297 (30.2) |
Secondary | 1815 (44.5) | 921 (50.4) | 879 (48.1) |
Higher | 514 (12.6) | 378 (74.7) | 357 (71.8) |
Paternal occupation |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Agriculture | 978 (24.0) | 253 (26.0) | 237 (24.4) |
Professional/technical | 1715 (42.0) | 1012 (58.3) | 961 (55.5) |
Manual and others | 1386 (34.0) | 523 (37.4) | 496 (35.5) |
Community factors | Â | Â | Â |
Place of residence |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Urban | 897 (22.0) | 610 (71.8) | 579 (68.2) |
Rural | 3182 (78.0) | 1178 (39.9) | 1115 (37.9) |
Development region |  | P = 0.692 | P = 0.725 |
Eastern | 958 (23.5) | 405 (46.0) | 375 (42.9) |
Central | 854 (20.9) | 381 (42.7) | 364 (40.6) |
Western | 643 (15.8) | 333 (44.4) | 322 (43.1) |
Mid -western | 896 (22.0) | 359 (38.5) | 342 (36.5) |
Far-western | 728 (17.8) | 310 (42.4) | 291 (39.2) |
Ecological region |  | P < 0.001* | P < 0.001* |
Mountain | 742 (18.2) | 208 (26.7) | 195 (24.9) |
Hill | 1656 (40.6) | 663 (37.6) | 628 (35.8) |
Terai | 1681 (41.2) | 917 (49.8) | 871 (47.1) |