Table 4 Stigmatization (ACEDSS)

Corporal punishment by family member

321 (24.3%)

79 (9.9%)

104 (56.8%)

132 (42.3%)

12.03**

6.70**

1.80*

251.00**

Hear that people say bad things about you or your family

577 (43.9%)

294 (36.8%)

113 (62.8%)

156 (50.0%)

2.90**

1.72**

1.69*

47.16**

You are treated worse than other people

326 (25.1%)

122 (15.4%)

109 (60.9%)

87 (28.2%)

8.55**

2.16**

3.96**

164.21**

You are treated with less respect than other people

370 (28.4%)

145 (18.2%)

104 (58.1%)

115 (37.3%)

6.22**

2.67**

2.33**

130.14**

You are treated badly by a family member

292 (22.3%)

102 (12.8%)

94 (51.6%)

88 (28.5%)

7.28**

2.71**

2.68**

139.89**

Rejected/abandoned by your (close) family

174 (13.3%)

44 (5.5%)

52 (28.7%)

73 (23.7%)

6.92**

5.35**

1.29

113.00**

Rejected/abandoned by your community

194 (14.8%)

44 (5.5%)

90 (49.5%)

57 (18.6%)

16.87**

3.93**

4.29**

232.29**

Treated as if people are scared of you

237 (18.1%)

63 (7.9%)

94 (52.2%)

75 (24.5%)

12.79**

3.80**

3.37**

206.81**

Threatened by others

428 (32.7%)

203 (25.5%)

99 (54.7%)

116 (37.7%)

3.53**

1.78**

1.98**

68.84**

Called dishonest

299 (22.8%)

107 (13.4%)

97 (53.6%)

91 (29.4%)

7.48**

3.73**

2.74**

149.25**

People act as if they’re better than you

612 (46.6%)

323 (40.5%)

120 (67.0%)

155 (49.7%)

2.99**

1.45

2.06**

43.27**

People act as if they’re smarter than you

584 (44.9%)

301 (38.1%)

112 (62.9%)

157 (51.0%)

2.75**

1.68**

1.63

43.37**

You receive poorer service than other people at stores/services

311 (23.8%)

147 (18.6%

71 (39.2%)

85 (27.6%)

2.83

1.67**

1.69*

38.34**

You are insulted

583 (44.5%)

299 (37.6%)

119 (65.7%)

155 (49.7%)

3.18

1.64**

1.94*

51.75**

Total stigmatization (mean, SD)

3.95 (3.45)

2.82 (2.50)

7.53 (4.28)

4.90 (3.37)

4.78

2.21**

2.63**

200.33**