| Univariate analysis | Model 1α | Model 2β | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value | aOR (95% CI) | p-value |
Age, years (continuous) | 0.99 (0.97–1.02) | 0.272 | - | - | ||
Age group, years | Â | Â | Â | |||
<60Â (Ref.) | 1.00 | - | - | - | ||
≥60 | 1.20 (0.60–2.38) | 0.612 | - | - | ||
Parity (continuous) | 0.96 (0.76–1.21) | 0.706 | - | - | ||
Religion | Â | Â | Â | |||
Christian | 1.28 (0.41–4.01) | 0.670 | - | - | ||
Muslim (Ref.) | 1.00 | - | - | - | ||
Marital status | Â | Â | Â | |||
Divorced/single/has a steady partner | 4.22 (1.37–13.02) | 0.012* | - | - | ||
Married/cohabiting | 1.94 (0.69–5.49) | 0.210 | - | - | ||
Widowed | 1.00 | - | - | - | ||
Education level | Â | Â | Â | |||
No formal education | 0.16 (0.02–1.45) | 0.104 | - | - | ||
Elementary education | 1.45 (0.48–4.36) | 0.513 | - | - | ||
Junior secondary education | 0.75 (0.25–2.22) | 0.599 | - | - | ||
Senior secondary education | 0.73 (0.21–2.48) | 0.615 | - | - | ||
Tertiary education (Ref.) | 1.00 | - | - | - | ||
Vocational/commercial/other | 1.64 (0.50–5.45) | 0.417 | - | - | ||
Earns an income (yes/no) | 1.40 (0.62–3.17) | 0.415 | - | - | ||
Source of funds for medical bill payment | Â | Â | Â | |||
Self/employer/other | 1.96 (0.99–3.88) | 0.054 | - | - | ||
Relatives | 0.49 (0.24–1.00) | 0.051 | 0.43 (0.18–1.01) | 0.054 |  | |
NHIS | 1.23 (0.57–2.64) | 0.600 | - |  | ||
Past contraceptive use | 2.33 (1.17–4.66) | 0.016* | 3.32 (1.46–7.57) | 0.004* | - | |
Condom | 2.47 (0.40–15.29) | 0.330 |  | - | ||
Combined (estrogen-containing) pill | 1.81 (0.69–4.78) | 0.228 |  | 2.98 (1.03 − 8.64) | 0.045* | |
Other (non-estrogen-containing) | 1.88 (0.88–4.05) | 0.105 |  | 2.18 (0.87 − 5.48) | 0.097 | |
Current contraceptive use | 0.65 (0.18–2.35) | 0.513 | - | - | ||
Body mass index, kg/m2 (continuous) | 0.97 (0.91–1.05) | 0.463 | - | - | ||
Type of diabetes | Â | Â | Â | |||
Type 1 DM | 2.44 (0.82–7.20) | 0.107 | - | - | ||
Type 2 DM (Ref.) | 1.00 | - | - | - | ||
Other/unspecified | 1.35 (0.46–4.00) | 0.583 | - | - | ||
Duration of diabetes diagnosis (continuous) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) | 0.401 | - | - | ||
Metformin use | 0.65 (0.31–1.38) | 0.260 | - | - | ||
Fasting blood glucose, mmol/L (continuous) | 1.10 (1.01–1.21) | 0.037* | 1.12 (1.00 − 1.25) | 0.042* | 1.15 (1.02 − 1.30) | 0.021* |
HbA1c, % (continuous) | 0.96 (0.80–1.16) | 0.664 | - | 0.91 (0.73 − 1.13) | 0.383 | |
Urine glucose level | Â | Â | Â | |||
Positive | 2.30 (0.97–5.41) | 0.058 | - | - | ||
Negative/trace (Ref.) | 1.00 | - | - | - | ||
Comorbid hypertension | 0.69 (0.34–1.38) | 0.291 | - | 0.47 (0.21 − 1.06) | 0.069 | |
Prior gynecological surgery | 0.65 (0.30–1.42) | 0.281 | - | - | ||
Prior cervical screening | 0.21 (0.03–1.61) | 0.132 | - | - | ||
Model Akaike information criterion | Â | 155.92 | 95.22 | |||
Model Bayesian information criterion | Â | 168.30 | 109.26 |